Babylon the Great

 Relief regarding death: "Neither the people nor the leaders of religious thought  [in Babylon] ever faced the possibility of the total annihilation of  what once was called into existence. Death was a passage to another kind of life. - The Religion of Babylon and Assyria, p. 556.

Position of the priesthood: "The distinction between priest and layman is characteristic of this [Babylonian  religion" - Encyclopedia Britannica (1948), Vol 2, p.861.

Practice of astrology, divination, magic, and sorcery: Historian A.H. Sayce  writes:  "[In] the religion of ancient Babylonia . . . every object and force of nature was supposed to have its zi or spirit, who could be controlled by the magical exorcisms  of the Shaman, or sorcerer-priest." (The History of Nations, New York, 1928, Vol.1, p. 96)  "The Chaldeans [Babylonians] made great progress in the study of astronomy through an effort to discover the future in the stars. This art called 'astrology." - The Dawn of Civilization and life in the Ancient East (Chicago,, 1938), R,M. Engberg, p. 230. 

Babylon the Great is like and immoral harlot, one living in shameless luxury

Revelation 17:1-5 says:  "Come and I will show you the judgment upon the great harlot who sits on many waters [peoples], with whom the kings [political rulers] of the earth committed fornication, whereas those who inhabit the earth were made drunk with the wine of her fornication.' . . . And upon her forehead was written a name, a mystery:  "Babylon the Great, the mother of harlots and of the disgusting things of the earth." (Revelation 18:7 adds that  "she glorified herself and lived in shameless luxury. 

Is it not true that the dominant religious organizations have made it a practice to consort with political rulers for power and material gain, though this has resulted in suffering for the common people?  Is is not also true that their higher clergy live in luxury. even though many of the people to whom they should minister may be impoverished?

Next time: Babylon the Great -Continued

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Babylon the Great -Continued

 Ancient Babylonian religious concepts and practices are  found religions worldwide

"Egypt, Persia, and Greece felt the influence of the Babylonian religion . . . The strong admixture of the Semitic elements both in early Greek mythology and in Grecian cults is now so generalluy admitted by scholars as to require no further comment.  These Semitic elements are to a large extent more specifically  Babylonian." - The Religion of Babylonian and Assyria (Boston. 1898), M. Jastrow Jr., pp 699, 700.

Their gods:   There were triads of gods, and among their divinities were those representing various forces of nature and ones that exercised special influence in certain activities of mankind.  (Babylonian and Assyrian Religion, Norman Ok.;1963, S. H.  Hooke, pp, 14-40)  "The platonic trinity, itself merely rearrangement of older trinities dating back to earlier peoples, appears to be the rational philosophic trinity of attributes that gave birth to the three hypostases or divine persons taught by the Christian churches. . . .This Greek philosopher's [Plato's]conception of the divine trinity . . . can be found in all the ancient [pagan] religions." - Nouveau Dictionnaire Universal (Paris, 1865-1870), edited b M. Lachatre, Vol 2, p 1467.  

Use of images:"[In Mesopotamian religion]the role of he image was central in the cult as well as in private worship, as the wide distribution of cheap replicas of such images shows. Fundamentally, the deity was considered present in its image if it is showed certain specific features and paraphernalia and was cared for in the appropriate manner." - Ancient Mesopotamia-Portrait of a Dead Civilization (Chicago, 1964), A. L. Oppenheim, p.184.

Next time: Babylon the Great - Continued

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Babylon the Great -Continue

 Ancient Babylon was outstandingly noted for its religion and its defiance of Jehovah

Genesis 10:8-10: "Nimrod. . .displayed himself a mighty hunter in opposition to Jehovah. . .And the beginning of his kingdom came to be Babel [later known as Babylon]." 

Daniel 5:22, 23: "As for you  [Belshazzar king of Babylon] . . . against the Lord of the heavens you exalted yourself, . . .and you have praised mere gods of silver and gold, copper, iron, wood, and stone, that are beholding nothing or hearing nothing or knowing  nothing: but the God in whose hand your breath is and to whom all your ways belong you have not glorified." 

An ancient cuneiform inscription reads:  "Altogether there are in Babylon 53 temples of the chief gods, 55 chapels of Marduk, 300 chapels of the earthly deities, 600 for the heavenly deities, 180 altars for the goddess Ishtar, 180 for the god's of Nergal and Adad and 12 other altars for different gods." -Quoted in the Bible as History (New York, 1964), W. Keller, , p.301.

The Encyclopedia  Americana comments:  "Sumerian civilization [which was part of Babylon] which was dominated by priests' at the head of the state was the lugal (literally, 'great man'), the representative of the gods." - (19770, Vol3, p. 9.

Reasonably, therefore, Babylon the Great is referred to in Revelation is religious. Being like  a city and an empire, it is not limited to one religious group but includes all religions that are in opposition to Jehovah, the true God.

Next time: Babylon the Great - Continued

From the jw.org publications

Babylon the Great

Definition: The world empire of false religion, embracing all religions whose teachings and practices do not conform to the true worship of Jehovah, the only true God. Following the Flood of Noah's day, false religion had its beginning at Babel (later known as Babylon).  (Genesis 10:8-10; 11:4-9)  In time, Babylonish religious beliefs and practices spread to many lands . So Babylon  the Great became a fitting name for false religion as a whole.

What evidence points to the identity of Babylon  the Great, referred to in Revelation?

It could not be the ancient city of Babylon. Revelation was written at the end of the first century C.E. and describes evens that would reach down to our day.  The Encyclopedia Americana says: "The city [Babylon] was taken by the Persians under Cyrus the Great in 539 B.C. Later Alexander the Great planned to make Babylon  the capital of his eastern empire, but after his death Babylon gradually lost importance."  (1956, Vol III,  p. 78)  Today the city is an uninhabited ruin.

In the symbolism of Revelation, Babylon the Great is referred to as a "great city," a kingdom that rules others kings.  (Revelation 17:18) Like a city, it would have many organizations within it; and like a kingdom that includes other kings in its domain, it would be   international in scope. It is described as having relations with political rulers and contributing much to the wealth of men in commerce, while itself being a third element that  "has become a dwelling place of demons" and a persecutor of "prophets of the holy ones." -REVELATION 18:2, 9-17, 24.

Next time: Babylon the Great-Continued

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A Book You Can Trust

 BABYLON THE GREAT

The Bible book of Revelation mentions a symbolic harlot named ""Babylon the Great."  (Revelation 17:5)   What does the harlot represent? the evidence points to its being a religious entity.

Ancient Babylon was an extremely religious city, having over 50 temples dedicated to various deities. The Babylonians believed  in trinities of gods and an immortal soul that at death would descend to a dark netherworld.  There,  "human existence beyond the grave is at best only a dismal, wretched reflection of life on earth," says Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. 

In time, those teachings spread throughout the world. Today, they, or modified versions of them can be found  in the the religions of Christendom  (false religion).  Together, these religions  make up a major part of the global religious entity Babylon the Great!

Next time: Babylon the Great

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A Book You Can Trust

 A Hope You Can Trust

Yet another prophecy is having a remarkable fulfillment in our day.  The prophecy involves King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon and a dream he had about an immense image. The body was divided  into five parts-the head, the breasts. the arms, the belly and thighs,  The legs and the feet-each one a different metal composition.  (Daniel 2:31-32)  These metal parts stood for a succession of governments, or kingdoms, that started with Babylon and continues down to the Anglo-American World Power, the seventh of Bible history. - DANIEL 2:36-41. 

Daniel discloses that in the feet and toes of the image, there was a noteworthy change of materials.  How so?  Pure metal was replaces with a mixture of iron and moist clay. By way of explanation, Daniel told Nebuchadnezzar:   "Whereas you beheld iron mixed with moist clay, they will come to be mixed with the offspring of mankind; but they will not prove to be sticking together, this one to that one, just as iron is not mixing with molded clay." (Daniel 2:43)  Yes, mixing iron with clay results in a fragile union; there is no "sticking together." How accurately this describes the politically world in which we live today! 

Daniel also reveals another significantly development. In his dream, King Nebuchadnezzr saw a stone that was cut out of a large mountain.  This stone was lifted up. and "it struck the image on its feet of iron and molded clay and crushed them."  (Daniel2:34)  What does that mean?  Daniel himself answers:  "In the days of those kings [during the time of the final world power] the God of heaven will set up a Kingdom that will never be brought to ruin. And the Kingdom itself will not be passed on to any other people.  It will crush and put an end to all these kingdoms, and it itself will stand to times indefinite."  (Daniel 2:44)  That prophecy pointed toward a Kingdom ulike any other government known to mankind. Its King is Jesus Christ, the Messiah. As mentioned in the previous articles of this series, Jesus will crush Satan and his followers, human and spirit, thus bringing about universal peace and harmony. - 1 CORINTHIANS 15:25.

Next time: A Book You Can Trust - BABYLON THE GREAT

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A Book You Can Trust

 FORETOLD BY NAME

One of the most remarkable prophecies regarding the downfall of  Babylon involved its conqueror, King Cyrus of Persia. Nearly two centuries before Cyrus rose to power, Jehovah God mentioned him by name and foretold that he would be the one to conquer Babylon. 

Pointing forward to Cyrus' conquest, Isaiah was inspired to write:  "This is what Jehovah has said to his anointed one, to Cyrus, who right hand I had taken hold of, to subdue before him nations, . . . to open before him the two -leaved doors,, so that even the gates will not be shut."  God also foretold that the Euphrates  River, would, in effect, dry up." - ISAIAH 45:1-3; JEREMIAH 50:38.

Greek historian Herodotus and Xenophon confirmed the fulfillment  of this amazing prophecy. They reveal that Cyrus diverted the Euphrates River, causing its waters to recede.  Cyrus' armies thus gained access to the city through its gates, which had been left open.  As foretold, mighty Babylon fell "suddenly," in one night. - JEREMIAH 51:8.

Next time: A Book You Can Trust-A Hope You Can Trust

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A Book You Can Trust

 Trustworthy Prophecy

How would you respond if someone told you that a major capital-such as Beijing, Moscow, or Washington D.C.-would become an uninhabited ruin? -You would rightly be skeptical. Yet, that is what happened with ancient Babylon.  Some 29 years in advance, about the year 732 B.C.E., Jehovah God inspired the Hebrew prophet Isaiah to put in writing a prophecy about the demise of mighty Babylon.  He wrote:  "Babylon, the decoration of kingdoms, . . . must become as when God overthrew Gomorrah.  She will never be inhabited, nor will she reside for generation after generation." - ISAIAH 13:19, 20. 

But why would God foretell Babylon's destruction in 607 B.C.E., Babylon armies destroyed Jerusalem and the took the survivors off to Babylon, where they were treated cruelly.  (Psalm 137:8, 9)   God foretold tha this people would have to endure  this bitter treatment for 70 years because of  their own wicked deeds.  Then God would deliver them and let them return to their homeland. - JEREMIAH 25:11; 29:10. 

True to God's Word, in 539 B.C.E.-just as Judah's 70 year exile was about to end-- the seemingly invincible city of Babylon was overthrown by Medo-Persian armies.  In time, the city became a heap of ruins-just as predicted.  No human could foretell such a striking achievement.  Without a doubt, the act of prophesying, or foretelling events in advance, sets the Author of the Bible --the true God- apart from any other god. - ISAIAH 46:9, 10. 

Next time: A Book You Can Trust - FORETOLD BY NAME

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A Book You Can Trust

 Trustworthy History

The Bible  of Daniel  tells us that a man by the name of Belshazzar once ruled as king in Babylon.  (Daniel 5:1)  However, some secular sources have stated in the past that Belshazzar,  though powerful, was never king.  Was the Bible wrong? Archaeologists  have uncovered a number of clay cylinders  in the ruins of Ur in Mesopotamia.  The cuneiform inscription on one cylinder  included a prayer of Babylonian King Nabonidus for  " "Bel-sar-ussur, my eldest son."  Later findings confirmed that Belshazzar had  acted as regent for ore than half his father's reign," states the New Bible Dictionary,  "during which time he was to all intents and purposes king." 

History also shows that ancient Babylon was an extremely religious city, rife with astrology and divination.  For example, at Ezekiel 21:21, we read that the king of Babylon resorted to divination in order to determine whether to attack Jerusalem.  The king "looked into the liver," the Bible says.  Why the liver? The Babylonians used this organ in quest of omens.  The book Mesopotamian Astrology tell us that at just one site in ancient Babylon, archaeologists found "32 [clay] liver models, all inscribed " with omens. 

Noted archaeologist Nelson Glueck once said:  "I have excavated for thirty years with a Bible in one hand and a trowel in the other, and in matters of historical perception I have never found the Bible to be in error." 

Next time: A Book You Can Trust - Trustworthy Prohecy

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A Book You Can Trust

 Babylon in Bible History

This is the third of seven articles in consecutive issues of "Awake!" that discuss the seven world powers of Bible history.  The object is to show that the Bible is trustworthy and inspired of God and that it's message is one of hope for an end to the suffering caused by man's cruel domination of his fellow man. 

SITUATED on a fertile plain some 50 miles (80 km) south of modern-day Baghdad, the ancient  city of Babylon was truly magnificient.  With massive walls and a surrounding moat, Babylon seemed impregnable. The city was renowned for it's majestic temples, hanging gardens, and temple towers.  As one of the greatest cities of the ancient world, Babylon has recently been dubbed the city of wonders. 

In the Bible, it was named "Mistress of the Kingdoms" and was te capital of the third world power of Bible history. (Isaiah 47:5)  Like the Egyptian and the Assyrian Empires before it, the Babylonian Empire played a prominent role in Bible history, enabling us to compare what the Bible says about it with what secular sources say.  

Next time: A Book You Can Trust - Trustworthy History

From the jw.org publications

PORTRAITS FROM THE PAST/ Desiderius Erasmus

 GREEK TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT

In 1516, Erasmus published his first edition of the New Testament in Greek-the first printed copy of the Christian Greek Scriptures ever to be released. Erasmus' work included annotations as well has his own translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures  into Latin, which differed from the Vulgate.  Over some time, he continued to revise his version, leading to a final product that included even more dramatic departures from the text of the Latin Vulgate.

 One of the differences was at 1 John 5:7.  To support the unscriptural teaching of  the Trinity.  Some spurious words known as the comma Johanneum had been added to the Vulgate.  They read:  "In heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one."  However, Erasmus excluded those words from his first two editions of the New Testament because none of the Greek manuscripts he consulted contained them.  He was later pressured by church to include them in his third edition.

Improved editions of Erasmus' Greek New Testament provided the basis for better translations into European languages.  Martin Luther, William Tyndale, Antonio Brucioli, and Francisco  de Enzinas  used them to translate the Greek Scriptures  into  German, English, Italian, and Spanish respectively.

Erasmus lived through a period of momentous turmoil, and his Greek New Testament was considered an invaluable aid  by the Protestant reformers.  Erasmus himself was considered by some to be a reformer, until, that is the Reformation began in fearsome earnest.  Then he refused to take sides in the great theological debates that followed.  Interstinly, over 100 years ago, scholar David Schaff wrote that Erasmus  "died in isolation without a party.  The Catholics would not claim him; the Protestants could not."

An International Celebrity

Erasmus was a truly cosmopolitan scholar.  He lived and worked in Several European countries, where he made influential friends at royal courts and universities. Scholars from many lands  consulted him.  His writings widely read and appreciated -made him famous .  For time, everywhere he traveled he was welcomed with fanfare and acclaim by princes, prelates, and scholars alike.  One modern writer thus calls him the  "Renaissance equivalent of today's international celebrity."

Next time: A Book You Can Trust/Babylon in Bible History

From the jw.org publications 

PORTRAITS FROM THE PAST/Desiderius Erasmus

 STUDIES AND BELIEFS

Erasmus' mastery  of Greek and Latin allowed him to compare Latin translations of the Bible, such as the Latin Vulgate, and early Greek manuscripts of the Christian Greek Scriptures, commonly known as the New Testament.  He became convinced that Bible knowledge  was vital.  To that end, he asserted that the Holy Scriptures should be translated into other languages common in his day.

Erasmus promoted renewal of the Catholic Church, since he believed   Christianity  ought to be a life course, not a mere observation of meaningless rites.  As a result, when reformers began to protest and demand change within the Church of Rome, he became  the object of Catholic suspicion.

In his writings, Erasmus satirically exposed clergy abuses, their pompous lifestyle, and the ambition of popes who applauded wars.  He differed with corrupt clergymen who used church customs-such as confession of sins, the worship of the saints, fasting and pilgrimages-to exploit believers. He also disagreed  with such church practices as the sale of indulgences and enforced celibacy.

Next time: PORTRAITS FROM THE PAST/Desiderius Erasmus - GREEK TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT

From the jw.org publications

PORTRAITS FROM THE PAST/Desiderius Erasmus

 IN HIS day, Desiderius  Erasmus  (c.1469-1536) was at first admired as the most brilliant of European scholars, then vilified as either a coward or a heretic. Caught up in a tempest of religious debate. He dared to expose the faults and abuses that existed in Catholicism  as well as among its would-be reformers.  Today, he is recognized as a key figure in the transformation of Europe's  religious landscape.  How so? 

Next time: PORTRAITS FROM THE PAST/Desiderius Erasmus - STUDIES AND BELIEFS

From the jw.org publications  

ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REA;M

YOU NEED NOT FEAR THE DEMONS

Like prisoners in chains, millions of people are shackled by superstition and the dread of evil spirits.   They look to charms, amulets, and magic potions to protect themselves.  There is not need for you do so.  The  Bible gives this comforting assurance:  "The eyes of Jehovah are roving about through all the earth to s how his strength in behalf of those whose heart is complete toward him." (2 Chronicles 16:9)  The true God, Jehovah, who is far more powerful than Satan, will protect you if you trust in him. 

To gain Jehovah's protection, you need to learn what is pleasing to him and then do it.  For example, in the first century, Christians in the city of Ephesus collected all their books on magic and burned them.  (Acts 19:19, 20)   Similarly,  to have God's protection, you must dispose of charms, amulets, fetishes, magic books,  "protective" string, and anything else connected with demonistic practices. 

The Bible says:  "Subject yourselves to God; but oppose the Devil, and he will flee from you."  (James 4:7)  If you subject yourself to Jehovah by obeying and serving him, you can be sure that Satan and the demons can have no hold on you. 

Note: The thing here is; that no matter what, the Devil will continue to mess you and try anything to keep you from serving Jehovah. Anything, I am not kidding here.  They have said before in another blog I did.  He wants to screw up your relationship with God.  You need to be all in when you get God in your life. He wants you to follow all his laws and commandments, no watching violent, sexual intimated movies, nor political movies or shows, no taking blood for injuries, that is our soul. Read Leviticus and Romans all of it. The best thing you can do, here is read the whole Bible word for word, front to back over and over again. The more you read the more you learn. All you have to do is ask Jehovah to help you understand what the words say, and if you are sincere, he will allow you as he had me.  The best and most interesting book, I have ever read, and I use to be big, big reader.  I only read the Bible and Bible-based literature from jw.org. You can learn a lot from that as well. But be wary of other people trying to copy them . Only go on jw.org. Still, do not fear Satan, fear God. He can do more to any human than Satan, when the right time comes. 

These visions assure us that Jehovah God and his Son, Jesus Christ, as well as the faithful angels and those who have been bought from the earth, all deeply care about us and seek our welfare.  To learn more what they will do, we invite you to contact Jehovah's Witnesses or go their website; www.jw.org and download the book What Does the Bible Really Teach?

Next time: Portraits From the Past/Desiderius Erasamus

From the jw.org publications 

ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM

  WHAT THOSE IN HEAVEN WILL DO

"I [the apostle John] heard a loud voice from the throne say: "Look! The tent of God is with mankind, . . . and he will wipe out every tear from their eyes, and death will no more, neither will mourning nor outcry, nor pain be anymore.  The former things have passed away." - REVELATION 21:3, 4. 

The prophetic vision points to the time when God's Kingdom, made up of Jesus and those resurrected from the earth, will bring an end to Satan's  rule and make the earth a paradise. Things that have cause so much pain and sorrow to humankind will be no more. Even death will pass away.

What, though, of the billions who have died and not be resurrected to heaven?  At a future time, they will be restored to life with the prospect of living forever in that Paradise on earth.

Next time: ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM - YOU NEED NOT FEAR THE DEMONS

From the jw.org publications 

ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM

 THOSE WHO COME FROM THE EARTH

"You [Jesus] bought people for God out of every tribe and tongue and people and nation, and you made them to be a kingdom and priests to our God, and they are to rule as kings over the earth." - REVELATION 5:9, 10. 

Just as Jesus was resurrected from the earth to life in heaven, others will be too.  Jesus said to his faithful apostles: "I am going my way to  prepare a place for you. Also, . . .I will come again and will receive you home to myself, so that where I am you also will be." - JOHN 14:2, 3. 

Those who go to heaven go there for a purpose. Along with Jesus, they will make up a Kingdom government that will eventually rule over the inhabitants of all the earth and bring blessings to them. This is the Kingdom that Jesus  told his followers to pray for in the model prayer.  "Our Father, Jehovah, let your name be sanctified. Let your Kingdom come and your will be done on earth as it is in heaven." -  MATTHEW 6:9, 10.

Next time: ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM - WHAT THOSE IN HEAVEN WILL DO

From the jw.org publications

ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM

 SATAN MISLEADS MILLIONS

"War broke out in heaven:  Michael [Jesus Christ] and his angels battled with the dragon, and the dragon and it's angels battled but they did prevail, nor was a place found for them any longer in heaven.  So down the great dragon was hurled, the original serpent, the one called Devil and Satan, who is misleading the entire inhabited earth; he was hurled down to the earth, and his angels with him." - REVELATION 12:7, 9.

  Heaven has not always been peaceful. A the very dawn of human history, one of the angels, consumed by a desire to be worshipped, rebelled against Jehovah, becoming Satan, meaning "Resister."  Other angels later joined in the rebellion and became known as demons.  Thoroughly evil,  they bitterly oppose Jehovah and have led humans on a course contrary to Jehovah's loving direction. 

Satan and his demons are depraved and cruel. They are enemies of mankind and have contributed to much of the suffering on earth. For example, Satan killed the livestock and the servants of the faithful man Job.  Next, he killed all ten of  Job's children by causing "a great wind" to crush the house they were in. After that, Satan struck Job with "painful boils from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head." - JOB 1:7-19; 2:7.

Soon, though, Satan will be done away with.  Since being hurled to the vicinity of the earth, he knows that "he has a short period of time." (Revelation 12:12)  Satan is doomed, and that certainly is good news! 

Next time: ENLIGHENING VISIONS FROM THE SPIRIT REALM - THOSE WHO COME FROM THE EARTH

From the jw.org publications 

ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT WORLD

 ANGELS MINISER TO GOD

"I [the prophet Daniel]kept watching until thrones were set in place and the Ancient of Days [Jehovah] sat down. . . .A thousand thousands kept ministering to him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him." - DANIEL 7:9, 10.

In this vision of heaven, Daniel saw not just one angle but multitudes. What an awe-inspiring  vision that must have been!  Angels are glorious spirit persons, intelligent and powerful.  Their ranks include seraphs and cherubs. The Bible mentions angels more than 250 times.

Anges are not former humans  who had lived on earth.  God created angles long before man's appearance. At the founding of the earth, the angels were on hand to observe and to shout in applause. - JOB 38:4-7.

One way faithful angels minister to God is by being involved in the most important work being done on earth today-the proclamation of the good news of God's Kingdom.  (Matthew 24:14)   Their involvement in this work was revealed in a vision to the apostle John, who wrote: "I saw another angel flying in midheaven, and he had everlasting good news to declare to those who dwell on the earth, to every nation and tribe and tongue and people." (Revelation 14:6)   Though angels do not speak to people today as they did on occasion in times past, they do help guide those preaching the good news to honesthearted ones. 

Next time: ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM -SATAN MISLEADS MILLIONS 

From the jw.org publications

ENLIGHTENIING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM

JESUS IS WITH GOD

"[The Christian disciple Stephen], being full of holy spirit, gazed into heaven and caught sight of God's glory and of Jesus standing at God's right hand, and he said: 'Look! I  seethe heavens opened up and the Son of mam standing at God's right hand." - ACTS 7:55, 56.

Shortly before Stephen had this vision, Jesus was put to death at the instigation of the very ones whom Stephen was addressing-the Jewish leaders.  The vision confirmed that Jesus was alive and that he had been resurrected and honored. About this, the apostle Paul wrote: "[Jehovah]raised [Jesus] up from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly places, far above every government and authority and power and authority and lordship and ever name that is named, not only in this system of things but also in that to come." - EPHESIANS 1:20, 21. 

In addition to describing his lofty position, the Scriptures show that Jesus, like Jehovah, cares deeply for humans.  During his ministry  on earth, Jesus healed the sick, cured the infirm, and raised the dead.  By his sacrificial death, he demonstrated his deep love for God and for mankind.  (Ephesians 2:4, 5)  Standing at God's  right hand, Jesus will soon exercise his authority and bring great blessings to obedient humans everywhere. 

Next time: ENLIGHTENING VISION OF THE SPIRIT REALM - ANGELS MINISTER TO GOD

From the jw.org publications

ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM

JEHOVAH IS THE SUPREME ONE

 "A throne was in it's position in heaven, and someone was seated on the throne.  And the One seated on the throne had the appearance of a Jasper stone and a sardius stone, and all around the throne was  a rainbow like an emerald in appearance." - REVELATION 4:2, 3.

"There was a brilliance all around him like that of a rainbow in a cloud on a rainy day.  That was how the surrounding brilliant light  appeared.  It was the appearance of the glory of Jehovah." -EZEKIEL 1:27, 28. 

These visions, given to the apostle John and the prophet Ezekiel,  depict the splendor of the Most High God, Jehovah, with things we can readily envision-dazzling gemstones, a rainbow and the majesty of the throne.  They tell us that Jehovah's presence is one of the most awe-inspiring beauty, pleasantness. serenity. 

These depictions of God harmonize with the words of the psalmists who wrote:  "Jehovah is great and most worthy of praise. He is more inspiring  that all other gods. All' the gods of the people are worthless gods, but Jehovah is the one who made the heavens. In his presence are majesty and splendor, strength, and beauty  are in his sanctuary." - PSALM 96:4, 6.

Though Jehovah is the Supreme One, he invites us to approach him in prayer and assures us that he listens to us.  (Psalm 65:2)   God loves and cares for us so much that the apostle John could truthfully write: "God is love." - 1 JOHN 4:8.

Next time: ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM - JESUS IS WITH GOD

From the jw.org publications

ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM

 Visions of Those in the Invisible Heavens

The Bible presents a number of fascinating visions that permit us to peer, as it were, into the invisible heavenly realm.  We invite you to take a careful look at them. Although not everything described in the visions is to be taken literally, the visions can help you not only to visualize those who dwell in the spirit realm  but also to understand  how they can affect you.

Next time: ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM - JEHOVAH IS THE SUPREME ONE

From the jw.org publications

Lefevre d'Etaples-He Wanted the Common People to Know God's Word

 GREAT HOPES, LAST REGRETS

Throughout his life, Lefevre Hoped that church would abandon human traditions and return to pure knowledge of the Scriptures. He strongly believed in  "the right , indeed, the duty, of every Christian to read and learn the Bible personally."  That is why he worked so hard to make the Bible accessible to all. Although his desire  to see the church reform itself failed to materialize,  Lefevre's legacy is undisputed- he helped the common people  to know God's Word.

Note: If you read the whole Bible word for word through the whole Bible, you will see, that what the preacher have been preaching is only certain scriptures that they want you to know. That is why you need to use your own brain/sense to read the Bible, not let someone read for you.  I used to do that  In my teens and 20's and have also gone to different churches, come out feeling empty.  Now I know that I was not getting the true knowledge I needed to learn about God and know him.  

HOW MARTIN LUTHER KING WAS INFLUENCED BY LEFEVRE

Martin Luther  was still an obscure monk when he carefully studied Levree's works.  The young Luther noted that Lefevre  expounded Biblical passages in a clear and simple way without resorting to  fancy allegories as the scholars of his time. Lefevre's method of interpretation exerted a strong influence on Luther as well as on Bible translator William Tyndale and Reformer John Calvin. Although Lefevre remained a Catholic until his death, his works marked a turning point in Bible translation and paved the way for the Reformation.

next time: ENLIGHTENING VISIONS OF THE SPIRIT REALM/VISIONS OF THOSE IN TEH INVISBILE HEAVENS

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Lefevre d'Etaples -He Wated the Common People to Know God's Word

THE "SILENT" TRANSLATOR COMPLETED HIS WORK

 Lefevre did not allow heated debates on his works  to distract him from translating the Bible in 1524, after completing  his translation in Greek Scriptures (the  so-called New Testament, he released a French version of the Psalms so that believers might pray  "with greater devotion and deeper feeling." 

Theologians at the Sorbonne lost no time in going through Lefevre's works with a fine-tooth comb.  They soon ordered that his translation of the Greek Scriptures be burned publicly, and they denounced some other writings as "favoring the heresy of Luther."  When the theologians summoned him to justify his views, Lefevre decided to remain "silent" and fled to Strasbourg.  There, he discreetly continued translating the Bible. Even though some considered his stance to be lacking courage, he believed that it was the best way to respond to those who had no appreciation for the precious "pearls"  of Bible truth. - MATTHEW 7:6. 

Almost one year after his flight, King Francis I  appointed Lefevre tutor of his four-year-old son, Charles. This assignment gave Lefevre plenty of time to finish his translation of the Bible. By 1530, his translation of the complete Bible was printed outside of France, in Antwerp, with the approval of Emperor Charles V. 

Next time: Lefevre d"Etaples - He Wanted the Common People to Know God's Word - GREAT HOPES, LAST REGRETS  &   HOW MARTIN LUTHER WAS INFLUENCED BY LEFEVRE 

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Lefevre d' Etaples -He Wanted the Common People to Know God's Word

 A TRANSLATION ACCESSIBLE TO ALL

Lefevre's deep love for God's Word made him determined to make it accessible to the greatest number of people. To achieve that goal. In June 1523, he published a French translation of the Gospels in two pocket sized volumes.  This small format-which cost half the price of a standard edition-made it easier for people with little means to obtain a copy of the Bible. 

The response of the common people was immediate and enthusiastic.  Both men and won were so eager  to read Jesus' words in their mother tongue that the first 1,200 copies were out of stock after just a few months. 

Next time: Lefevre d'Etaples -He Wanted the Common People to Know God's Word - THE "SILENT" TRANSLATOR COMPLELTED HIS WORK

From the jw.org publications

Lefevre d" Etaples - He Wanted the Common People to Know God's Word

 SEEKING THE TRUE MEANING OF THE SCRIPTURES

Before becoming a Bible translator, Lefevre had dedicated himself to restoring the original meaning of classical works of philosophy and theology.  He noted that ancient texts had often been corrupted by centuries of misleading renderings and errors. In his search for the true meanings of the ancient writings, he started studying closely the Standard Bible of the Catholic Church, the Latin Vulgate.

His earnest study of Scriptures led him to the conclusion that  "study of divine truth alone promises . . . the highest happiness."  Therefore, Lefevre turned away from studying philosophy and devoted all his energy to translating the Bible.  

In 1509, Lefevre published a comparative study of the Latin versions of the Psalm, including his own correction of the Vulgate.  Unlike theologians of his time, he endeavored to find the  "natural sense" of Bible passages.  His method of interpreting the Scriptures had a strong influence on other Bible scholars and reformers. 

Born a Catholic, Lefevre was convinced that a renewal could be possible only if the Scriptures were properly taught to ordinary people.  But ho would the common people benefit from the Scriptures at a time when those sacred writing  were mostly in Latin?

Next time: Lefevre d' Etaples -He Wanted the Common People to Know God's Word - A BIBLE TRANSLATION ACCESSIBLE TO ALL

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LeFevre d'Etaples-He Wanted the Common People to Know God's Word

 ON A Sunday Morning in the early 1520's, the inhabitants of Meaux, a small town near  Paris, could not believe what they heard in church.  They had listened to the reading of the Gospels in their mother tongue-in French instead of Latin!

The Bible translator who was behind this initiative, Jaques Lefevre d'Etaples (Latin , Jacobus Stapulensis), later  wrote to a close friend:  "You can scarcely imagine with what ardor God is moving the minds of the simple [people] in some places to embrace his Word."

At that time, the Catholic Church and the  theologians in Paris opposed the use of translations of the Bible in common languages, So, what moved Lefevre to translate the Bible into French? And how did he manage to help the common people  tp understand God's Word?

Next time: Lefevre d'Etaples-He Wanted the Common People to Know God's Word - SEEKING THE TRUE MEANING OF THE SCRIPTURES0

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The Use of Cosmetics in Bible Times

 The Enigmatic Balsam Oil

Balsam oil is mentioned in the Bible in the accounts about Queen Esther, the Queen of Sheba,  and King Hezekiah, as noted above.  In 1988 a small jug of oil was discovered in a cave near Qumran, on the western shore of the Dead Sea.  It raised much speculation.  Was this the last remaining sample of balsam oil?  Researchers have no conclusive answer. Down to this day, the growers are trying to reestablish the once renowned balsam groves. 

Evidence seems to bear out that balsam oil mentioned  in the Bible was cultivated in the area around Engedi.  Excavations have uncovered furnaces, jars, and various metal and bone objects, dating from the sixth century B.C.E., similar to those used in other areas for perfume-making.  Most scholars believe that the balsam bush originally came from  Arabia of Africa .  The fragrance was produced from the sap. Balsam oil was so highly prized that the methods of cultivation and production were kept secret.

Balsam was even used as  a bargaining tool in political maneuvers.  For example, according the historian Josephus, Mark Antony obtained an entire grove of these precious plants and offered them as a gift to the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra.  The Roman historian Pliny mentioned that during the Jewish War in the first century C.E., Jewish fighters attempted to destroy all the balsam plants to prevent the conquering Romans from taking them. 

From Bible references and archaeological discoveries, we are able to get a glimpse  of the art of cosmetic use among the people of Bible times.  Rather than condemning the use of cosmetics and other adornment,  the Bible emphasizes that they may be used in modesty and with soundness of mind.  (1 Timothy 2:9)   The apostle Peter pointed out that what is "of great value in the eyes of God" is the quiet and mild spirit ."  In view of ever-changing styles and fashions, this surely is fine advice for Christian women, young and old.  - 1 PETER 3:3, 4.

                 

Next  time: Lefevre d'Estaples-He Wanted the Common People to Know God's Word. 

From the jw.org publications 

The Use of Cosmetics in Bible Times

 Perfumed Oil for Sacred or Secular Use

The production and use of olive-oil-based perfumes has a long history in ancient Israel.  The Bible book of Exodus contains a recipe for making the sacred  perfumed oil used by the priests in their services at the temple. It is a blend of cinnamon, myrrh, and other aromatic plants.  (Exodus 30:22-25)   In Jerusalem archaeologists have found what they believe to be a first century C.E. workshop where perfume and incense were produced for us at the temple.  There are many Biblical references to perfumed oil, used in both sacred services ad everyday life. - 2 CHROICLES 16:14; LUKE 7:37-46; 23:56. 

Water was scarce in that part of the world.  So scented oils were a welcome addition to the hygiene routine.  Oil was used not only for protection of the skin in the hot dry climate but also for its cosmetic benefits.  (Ruth 3:3; 2 Samuel 12:20)   The Jewish maiden Esther, before being presented to King Ahasuerus, received a 12-month  "spa" treatment-a 6-month massage with oil of myrrh and then another 6-month treatment with balsam oil. - ESTHER 2:12.  

Perfumes or perfumed oil were a valued commodity on a par with silver and gold.  When the Queen of Sheba made her epic journey to visit King Solomon, the valuable gifts she brought  included gold, precious stones, and balsam oil. (1 Kings 10:2, 10)   When King Hezekiah showed the treasures of his house to envoys from Babylon,  "the balsam oil and the good oil" were proudly displayed alongside the silver, the gold and his entire armory. - ISAIAH 39:1. 2. 

Only tiny amounts of perfume or oil could be extracted from the various flowers, fruits, , leaves, resins, or bark.  The Bible mentions a number of these aromatic plants such as  aloe, balsam, bdellium gum, calamus, cassis, cinnamon, frankincense, myrrh, saffron and spikenard.  Some of them were indigenous and grew in the Jordan Valley.  Others were imported by way of the legendary incense trade routes from India, South Arabia, and elsewhere. 

Next time: The Use of Cosmetics in Bible Times - The Enigmatic Balsam Oil

From the jw.org  publications

The Use of Cosmetics in Bible Times

 The Tools Used

Countless times linked to the use of cosmetics and perfumes have been unearthed in excavations throughout the land of Israel. Stone bowls or palettes for grinding  and mixing cosmetic materials, carrot-shaped perfume bottles, alabaster ointment jars, and hand mirrors of polished bronze were among the finds.  One ivory spoon has carved palm leaves on one side of its handle and a woman's head flanked by doves on the other.

Decorated shells appear to have been popular  cosmetic containers among the well-to-do.  Tiny cosmetic spoons made of ivory or wood, some carved  the form of girls swimming and various other intricate designs, have also been found in Egypt and at Canaanite sites.  All of this testifies  to the extend of the use of cosmetics by woman of that time. 

For the Eyes

In the Bible, one of Job's daughters is named "Karen-happuch."  In Hebrew, this name could mean  "horn of the black  (Eye) paint," that  is a receptacle or box  used to store makeup. (Job 42:14)   The name could have alluded to her beauty in general, but it also suggests that the use of cosmetics was known at that time.

Significantly, Biblical references to eye painting are always connected with such notorious woman as the Scheming Queen Jezebel and unfaithful Jerusalem, portrayed by the prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel.  (2 Kings 9:30; Jeremiah 4:30; Ezekiel 23:40)  Judging by the large number of glass or stone containers with tiny wants for applying kohl eyeliner that have been unearthed, it is evident that many women in apostate Israel-particularly those of royalty and the rich-had taken up the practice of decorating themselves  heavily with eyeliner and other kinds of cosmetics. 

Next time: The Use of Cosmetics in Bible Times - Perfumed Oil for Sacred or Secular Use

From the jw.org publications 

 

The Use of Cosmetics in Bible TImes

 After bathing, the woman applies some fragrant oil over her softened skin.  Then she opens a colorfully ornamented box that contains a collection of small bottles, vases, and jars made of glass, ivory or shell, or stone.  In them she has an assortment of oils and perfumes that are delicately scented with balsam, cardamom, cinnamon, frankincense, honey, and myrrh,  and the like.

From the box, the woman takes out several delicately shaped spoons, dishes, and bowls.  Using them, she mixes the cosmetics she has chosen for the day.  Peering into a bronze mirror, she carefully proceeds with her beauty regimen.

 IT SEEMS that since the earliest of times, women have been interested in making themselves beautiful .  Early tomb paintings, frescoes, and mosaics  all suggest that the use of cosmetics was widespread among people in Mesopotamia and Egypt.  The heavily made up, almond-shaped eyes seen on images of Egyptian women  were much admired.

What, though, about the Israelites?  Did women of ancient Israel  use cosmetics?  And if so, what kind?  There are, of course, no tomb paintings or frescoes from ancient Israel that we can refer to.  But  certain accounts in the Bible along with various archaeological artifacts unearthed in Bible lands can provide at least a glimpse of the use of cosmetics in Bible times. 

Next time: The Use of Cosmetics in Bible Times - The Tools Used

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Archaeological Discovery Point to King David as a H Historical Person

 According to the Bible,  King David of Israel lived in the 11th century B. C. E. and his descendants ruled for hundreds of  years.  But some critics  argued that King David is a myth, a tribal legend created much later.  Was  King David a real person?

In 1993, archaeologist Awraham Biran and his team discovered a stone fragment at Tel Dan, northern Israel, bearing an inscription that refers to the "House of David."  The inscription, in an ancient Semitic script, dates to the ninth century B.C.E.  It was evidently part of a monument erected by the Arameans, boasting of victories over the Israelites. 

An article in the Bible History Daily states:  "The "House of David' inscription has it skeptics . . . . However, most  Biblical scholars and archaeologists readily accepted that the Tel Dan stela had supplied the first concrete proof of a historical King David from the Bible,  making it one of the top Biblical archaeology discoveries reported in BAR (Biblical Archaeology Review]." 

Next time: The Use of Cosmetics in Bible Times

From the jw.org publications

John the Baptist Prepares the Way-Conclusion

 Because John is receiving much attention, has a powerful message, and is baptizing many, the priests and Levites are sent out to ask him: "Who are you?" 

"I am not the Christ," John confesses.

"What, then,  Are you Elijah?" they inquire. 

He answers: "I am not." 

"Are you the Prophet?" they ask, meaning the great Prophet who Moses said would come.- DEUTERONOMY 18:15, 18 .

"No! John replies. 

They became insistent: "Who are you? Tell us so that we may give an answer to those who sent us.  What do you say about yourself?"  John says:  "I am a voice of someone crying out in the wilderness,  "Make the way of Jehovah straight,' Just as Isaiah the prophet said." -  JOHN 1:19-23.

Why, then, do you baptize?" they want to know, "If you are not the Christ or Elijah or the Prophet?" He gives a meaning answer: "I baptize in water.  One is standing among you whom you do not know, the One coming behind me." - JOHN 1:25-27. 

Yes, John acknowledges that his is preparing the way by getting people in a proper heart condition to accept the foretold Messiah, the One who is to be King.  Of him, John says: "The One coming after me is stronger than I am, who sandals I am not worthy to take off.  I baptize with water, that One will baptize with holy spirit. (Matthew 3:11) In fact, John even says: "The One coming behind me has advanced in front of me, for he existed before me." - JOHN 1:15. 

Thus, John's message "Repent, for the Kingdom of the  heavens has drawn near" is indeed appropriate.  (Matthew 3:2) It serves as a  public notice that the ministry of Jehovah's coming King, Jesus Christ, is about to begin.

Next time: Archaeological Discovery Points to King David as a Historical Person

From the jw.org publications

John the Baptist Prepares the Way

 MATTHEW 3:1-12; MARK 1:1-8; LUKE 3:1-18; JOHN 1:6-8,  15-28. 

.  JOHN COMES PREACHING AND BAPTIZING

.   MANY GET BAPTIZED, BUT NOT ALL

Some 17 years have passed since Jesus at 12 years of age was questioning the teachers in the temple. It is now spring of 29 C.E.  Many are talking about Jesus' relative John, who is preaching in all the country on the western side of the Jordan River.

John is quite an impressive man, but in appearance and in speech.  His clothing is made of camel's hair, and he wears a leather belt around his waist.  He eats locusts-a type of grasshopper-and wild honey. What is his message?  "Repent, for the Kingdom of the heavens has drawn near." - MATTHEW 3:2.

John's message excites those who have come out to heart him.  Many  realize their need to repent, that is, to change their attitude and ways, rejecting their past course of life as undesirable.  Those who come to him are from "Jerusalem and Judea and the country around the Jordan  (Matthew 3:5)   Many of those who come out to see John do repent. He baptizes them, immersing them in the waters of the Jordan .  Why?

He baptizes people in symbol, or acknowledgement, of their heartfelt repentance for sins against God's Law covenant.  (Acts 19:4) Not all qualify, though, when some religious leaders Pharisees and Sadducees, come to him, John calls them  offspring of vipers." He says: "Produce fruit that benefits repentance. Do not presume to say to yourselves. "We have Abraham as our father.'  For I say to you that God is able to raise up children for Abraham from these stones.   The ax is already lying at the root of the trees. Every tree m then that does not produce fruit is to be cut down and thrown into the fire." - MATTHEW 3:7-10.

Next time:  John the Baptist Prepares the Way -Conclusion

From the jw.org publications

Did John the Baptist Really Exist?

 The Gospel accounts mentions a man called John the Baptist. who preached in Judea regarding God's Kingdom.  Is the Bible's record of this man accurate?  Consider: 

* The Bible says:  "John the Baptist came preaching in the wilderness of Judea, saying:  'Repent, for the Kingdom of the heavens has drawn near." (Matthew 3:1, 2)   Can this statement be confirmed by secular sources? Yes,

The first century historian Flavius Josephus described a man named John, surnamed the Baptist," who "exhorted the Jews to lead righteous lives," to practice "piety towards God," and "to join in baptism." - Jewish Antiquities, Book XVII.

* The Bible relates that John reproved Herod Antipas, who district ruler in Galilee and Perea. Herod was nominally a Jew professing to be under the law.  John criticized Herod for marrying his half brother's wife Herodias.  (Mark 6:18)   This detail likewise finds support outside the Bible.

Historian Josephus said that Antipas"[fell]in love with Herodias" and brazenly broached to her the subject of marriage."  Herodias accepted and left her husband to marry Antipas. 

* The Bible reports that "the people of Jerusalem and all Judea and all the country around the Jordan were  going out to [John], and they were baptized by him in the Jordan River." - MATTHEW 3:5, 6. 

Josephus likewise supports this detail, writing that people came in "crowds" to see John and that "they were aroused [or, uplifted]  to the highest degree by his sermons ." 

Clearly the first century historian Josephus viewed John the Baptist as a real person. So can we.

Next time: John the Baptist Prepares the Way

From the jw.org publications 

Does the Bible Contain an Accurate Record of Jesus' Life?

 The Bible's answer

The Bible writer Luke said regarding this account of Jesus's life: "I have traced all things from the start  with accuracy." - LUKE 1:3.

Some claim that account of Jesus' life as recorded in the Gospels-the writings of his contemporaries Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John-were altered sometime in the fourth century. 

Note; That is hogwash and these people are apostates not worth listening to. Do the research.   

 However, a valuable fragment of John's Gospel was found in Egypt at the turn of the 20th century. It is not known as the Papyrus Rylands 457 (p52)  and is preserved at the John Rylands Library, Manchester England. It contains what is John 18:31-33, 37, 38 modern Bibles. 

This is the oldest known manuscript fragment of the Christian Greek Scriptures.  Many scholars believe that it was written about 125 C.E., a mere quarter of a century or so after the original was written. The text of the fragment agrees nearly exactly with that in later manuscripts.

Next time: Did John the Baptist Really Exist?

From the jw.org publications

Did Jesus Really Exist?

 WHY DOES IT MATTER?

The question of Jesus' existence matters because his teachings matter  For example, Jesus taught people how to live happy, fulling lives.  He also promised a time when mankind will live in true peace and security, united under a single world government called "the Kingdom of God." - LUKE 4:43.

The designation "the Kingdom of God" is appropriate because this world  government will express God's sovereignty over the earth.  (Revelation 11:15) Jesus made that fact clear when he said in his model prayer:  "Let thy heavenly father be sanctified, let your kingdom come and let your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven." (Matthew 6:9, 10) What will Kingdom rule mean for mankind?  Consider the following: 

* Warfare and civil strife will cease. -PSALM 46:8-11.

* Wickedness, including greed and corruption will be gone forever, along with ungodly people. - PSALM 32:10. 11.

* The Kingdom's subjects will enjoy meaningful productive work. - ISAIAH 65:21, 22. 

* The earth will fully recover from its present sick state and produce bountiful crops. - PSALM 72:16; ISAIAH 11:9,

Some people may consider those promises wishful thinking. But it is not wishful thinking  to trust in human efforts? Consider: Even in spite of spectacular advances in education, science, and technology, millions today feel deeply insecure and uncertain about tomorrow. And daily we evidence of economic, political, and religious oppression, as well as greed and corruption.  Yes, the reality is that human rule is a failure! - ECCLESIASTES 8:9.

At the very least, the question of Jesus' existence merits our consideration.  As 2 Corinthians  1:19, 20 states:  "No matter  how many the promises of God are,e they have become 'yes' by means of [Christ]." 

Next  time: Does the Bible Contain an Accurate Record of Jesus' Life?/ The Bible's answer 

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