Understanding ARTHRITIS

Rheumatoid Arthritis

In the case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the body's immune system launches an all out attack on its joints.  For some unknown reason, a large volume of blood cells-including T-cells, which are key players in the body's immune system-rushes into joint cavities.  This triggers a cascade of chemical events that result in the joint becoming inflamed.  The synovial cells may begin to proliferate uncontrollably, forming a tumor-like mass of  tissue called a pannus.  The pannus, in turn, produces  destructive enzymes that destroy the cartilage. Bone surfaces may now stick together, causing restricted motion-and excruciating pain.  This destructive process  also weakens the ligaments, the tendons, and the muscles, causing the joint to become unstable  and partially dislocated, oftentimes leaving a deformed appearance.  Usually RA affects joins in a symmetrical patter, afflicting the wrists, knees, and feet. Upwards of 50 percent of individuals diagnosed with RA also develop anemia and dry, painful eyes and throat.  Fatigue and flu-like symptoms, including fever and aching muscles, accompany RA. 

RA is highly variable in effect, onset, and duration. In one person the pain and stiffness may come on slower over a period of weeks and even years.  For another, the onset may be quite sudden.   For some people, RA lasts for a few months and then leaves without noticeable damage. Others may experiences periods of worsening symptoms called flares, followed by periods of remission during which they feel better. And in some patients, the disease continues active for many years, relentlessly disabling them. 

Who are at risk for RA?  "It's most common in women in their middle years," notes Dr. Michael Schiff.  However, Schiff further states that "it can affect anyone at any age including children, as well as men."  For those with relatives who have rheumatoid arthritis, the risk increases. Several studies further suggest that smoking, obesity, and a history of blood transfusions are all significant risk factors.  

Next time: Understanding ARTHRITIS/ Osteoarthritis

From the Awake! magazine